Mobile Technologies: Description Of GPRS

What is GPRS?

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service — a package radio communication of the common using) – a deckhouse over technology of mobile communication GSM, carrying out a packet transmission of the data, allowing to work in an Internet network, using a usual mobile phone. Standardization of this technology has started in 1993 in European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI – the European institute of standardization of telecommunication). By means of GPRS, users can work with the e-mail, with usual Web-servers (instead of with special WAP-versions) etc.

Before development of technology GPRS the abonent paid all time of connection irrespective of, whether it used the installed data channel. The main advantage of GPRS-networks consists that the user pays only size of the transferred/received information, instead of finding time in a network. Differently, network resources are involved only during direct data transfer from phone. During pauses (for example, review of received e-mail) network resources are given in the instruction of other abonents.

Standard GSM with technology GPRS is intermediate between the second and third generations of link, therefore quite often is named as the generation second and a half (2,5G). It is named so also because GPRS marks itself half of path of GSM/GPRS-networks to compatibility with UMTS.

In GPRS the greatest possible transfer rate makes 171,2 Kbit/with is almost in 12 times faster data transfer operations in usual networks GSM (9,6 Kbit/c). However at present speed is not so high – usually 30-40 Kbit/with. Now practically all cellular operators offer the abonents GPRS service.

Structure:

Data-transport service GPRS is raised over existing network GSM. At structural level system GPRS can be divided on two parts: a subsystem of base servers (BSS) and backbone GPRS (GPRS Core Network).

In BSS all base servers and controllers which support a packet transmission of the data enter. For this purpose BSC (Base Station Controller) it is supplemented with the block of handle of packages — PCU (Packet Controller Unit), and BTS (Base Transceiver Station) — coder CCU (Channel Codec Unit).

Backbone basic element is the service site of support GPRS — SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node). He is engaged in processing of the package information and conversion of data frames GSM to the formats used by TCP/IP protocols.

Gateway servers with external networks (the Internet, intranet, X.25) name GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node). Information interchange between SGSN and GGSN occurs on the basis of IP-reports.

Also into structure GPRS Core enter DNS (Domain Name System) and Charging Gateway (the gateway server for link with tariffing system).

Operation principle

At usage GPRS the information is gathered in packages and transferred through vocal channels not used at present, such technology assumes more an effective utilization of resources of network GSM. Thus the priority of transmission — the vocal traffic or data transfer — is selected by a communication statement. Possibility of usage several channels provides at once enough high speeds of data transfer, the theoretical maximum at all occupied TDMA time slots makes 171,2 Kbit/c. There are the various classes GPRS differing with a transfer rate and possibility of combination of data transfer with simultaneous vocal call.

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